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thera*eutic uses of hypertonic saline in the critically ill emergency department patient (trauma cme) authors: al giwa md, mba, facep, faaem;charles g. murphy, md;chinwe ogedegbe, md, mph, facep although precise data for influenza-related illness and sequelae are difficult to obtain, up to 20% of the united states population has been estimated to be infected with the influenza virus during the winter season.2 influenza disproportionately affects young children and elderly persons, and influenza deaths have increased substantially in the last 2 decades, in part due to the aging of the population.2. bioterrorism attacks involving pediatric patients: preparedness and early recognition are critical. authors: joelle n. simpson, md, mph, faap, facep due to their anatomic, physiologic, developmental, and behavioral characteristics, children are particularly vulnerable to bioterrorism agents. symptoms as*ociated with most bioterrorism agents can be difficult to differentiate from common childhood illnesses. it is extremely important that emergency clinicians are able to recognize unusual illness patterns that could distinguish a natural outbreak from a bioterrorism attack.. 10 risk management pitfalls in the management of pediatric patients with bacterial meningitis. meningitis and other conditions, and emergency clinicians must remain vigilant to avoid delaying treatment for a child with bacterial here are 10 risk management pitfalls to avoid and 3 time- and cost-effective strategies for when you’re managing pediatric 1. “the patient is sleeping. i don’t want to wake her up to perform a neurological examination.” for the emergency clinician. tick bites are usually not painful, and patients are often unaware of the bite1 because the initial local reaction to a tick bite may be similar to the bite of another insect, such as a mosquito or a chigger. tick-borne illnesses can be easily overlooked on a patients initial presentation to the emergency department (ed), because the risk and exposure may seem minimal, such